Abstract: NiO Columnar nanostructure was prepared using the thermal evaporation technique with oblique angle deposition (OAD). The morphological, structural, and optical properties change with the creation of the substrate inclination. NiO Columnar nanostructure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The strain values ε obtained exhibit that the strain becomes tensile (ε>0) for (2 0 0) and (2 2 2) planes. Conversely, the strain returns to a compressive state (ε<0) for (1 1 1) and (2 2 0) planes. The average tensile strain in NiO Columnar nanostructure is obtained at 1.4% while the average compressive strain is obtained at 2.04%. The value of the optical bandgap of the NiO Columnar nanostructure is obtained at about 4.06 eV. The refractive index showed two absorption bands around the wavelengths of 520 nm and 700 nm with values of 2.19 and 2.22, respectively. Then, the refractive index increased from 2.22 at 700 nm to 2.35 at 920 nm and remained almost constant over 920 nm.

The present case report concerns a 42-year-old female who referred with an enlargement of right lobe of thyroid gland since 6 months ago. Subtotal thyroidectomy specimen grossly revealed white colored and poorly-demarcated nodule with papillary growth pattern. Microscopic examination mostly exhibited papillae lined by tall Columnar cells containing pseudo stratified nuclei which resembled those of follicular carcinoma and was significantly different from conventional (ground glass) appearance of papillary carcinoma. Ultimately, histopathologic diagnosis was rare Columnar cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

A numerical model has been developed for the determination of liquid flow permeability through Columnar dendrite during growth. The model is inclusive two stages, first numerical evolution of the dendrite shape during growth, and second numerical determination of the interdendritic liquid permeability. Simulation results shown which solute concentration by evolution of dendrite shape could result to reduction of the permeability during solidification time. Comparison between the experimental data from other authors and the present numerical model data, for the low and high solid fractions, has shown a good agreement rather than current numerical models. Therefore present permeability model, in this investigation, could be used for all of the micro solidification codes by coupling on the segregation and the Fick's equations in domain of the inter-dendritic liquid for mushy alloys.

Entering turbidity current through reservoir dams and its sediment deposits by the dam body, it not only reduce dam's efficient life but also reduce effective reservoir volume, block intake structures (gates) and damage power-plants. One of the procedures for controlling turbidity current and its erosion through reservoir dams is to create barriers. So in this research, it is evaluated the impact of applying plate barriers and zigzag Columnar barriers with tilt angles of 45, 60, 90 degrees against the dam body by using ANSYS-CFX software. the obtained results from a simulation indicates that in subcritical turbidity current, Columnar barriers (with relative height of 0.52 equal to the flow depth and with zigzag arrangement) can cause a 60% decrease in discharge flow of turbidity current, and a 5 -fold increase in the density of the barricades, the discharge rate of the turbidity current is decreased by 6%. Furthermore, applying plate barriers with relative height of 1.26 equal to flow height and with deviation angles (tilt angles) of 45, 60, 90 degree to the floor can take under control 50 to 80 percent of the turbidity current. In some cases which it isn' t possible to use the plate barriers because the high altitude is required, it can be applied the column barriers with zigzag arrangement and low height. As well as if barriers are installed in perpendicular position (90 degree) to the turbidity current direction, it will be more efficient than installing barriers with the above-mentioned length in tilt position.

Polycrystalline Ni]Al with a Columnar grained structure was grown unidirectionally by the floating zone method at a rate of 20 mm/h. Grain boundary structure was characterized by 2.: values determined from grain orientations of two adjacent grains using a coincidence lattice theory. Two types of specimens PO and NO, whose cold-rolling directions were parallel and perpendicular to the crystal growth direction, were prepared. Workability and fracture behavior of PO and NO specimens were examined focusing on the effect of the grain boundary character on fracture. PO specimens showed the better workability than NO specimens.Low angle and coincidence boundaries exhibited a strong resistance to grain boundary fracture, while random boundaries were harmful to crack initiation and propagation.